THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESS ON THE ATMOSPHERIC WAVE^*          下载免费PDF全文

Xu Jiyao  Wang Yingjian 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(4):459-462

The time damping rate of gravity wave in the range of 30-70 km is calaclated in three circumstances:(1) adiabatic process,(2) diabatic process caused by atmospheric cooling,and(3) diabatic process resulting from atmospheric photochemical heating and cooling.The results indicate that the photochemical heating is as important as Newtonian cooling and its contribution to the time damping rate of gravity wave can not he negligible.  相似文献   

THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESS ON THE ATMOSPHERIC WAVE     

徐寄遥  王英鉴 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,(4)

The time damping rate of gravity wave in the range of 30-70 km is calaclated in threecircumstances:(1)adiabatic process,(2)diabatic process caused by atmospheric cooling,and(3)diabatic process resulting from atmospheric photochemical heating and cooling.The resultsindicate that the photochemical heating is as important as Newtonian cooling and its contribution tothe time damping rate of gravity wave can not he negligible.  相似文献   

Ultrasonic-assisted condensation of chitosan with salicylaldehyde     

段丽红  郭祀远  杨晋青  叶盛权  王兆梅  肖凯军  郑必胜 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(4):882-886

In order to synthesize an improved adsorbent for heavy metal ions, we studied the condensation reaction of chitosan with salicylaldehyde in ethanol to form a Schiff base. The effect irradiating the reaction using an ultrasonic liquid processor was contrasted with conventional methods. The IR spectra of condensed chitosan prepared by the two methods showed that their molecular structures were identical. The reaction conditions, including solvents, ultrasonic power density and irradiation time, pH, and reactant ratio, were optimized by orthogonal design. A shorter reaction time and a higher product yield were obtained using ultrasonic-assisted synthesis compared with the traditional method. A condensation degree of 89.63% was achieved using the optimized conditions: i.e. ultrasonic irradiation at 180 W for 60 min; 95% ethanol as the solvent, pH 4.0, and salicylaldehyde:chitosan ratio of 6:1.  相似文献   

应用实时定量PCR技术检测秦皇岛近岸海域褐潮原因种——抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)     

GUO Hao  LIU Yongjian  ZHANG Qi  YUAN Xiutang  ZHANG Weiwei  ZHANG Zhifeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(2):132-136

Aureococcus anophagefferens, a small pelagophyte algae, has caused brown tide blooms in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao in recent years, presenting significant negative impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry. Under standard light microscopy, it is visually indistinguishable from other small algae in field samples due to its extremely small size. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR) based on 18 S r DNA sequences was developed and used to detect and enumerate A. anophagefferens. A linear regression(R2 = 0.91) was generated based on cycle thresholds value(Ct) versus known concentrations of A. anophagefferens. Twenty-two field samples collected in coastal waters of Qinhuangdao were subjected to DNA extraction and then analyzed using q PCR. Results showed that A. anophagefferens had a wide distribution in coastal waters along Qinhuangdao. Elevated A. anophagefferens abundance, category 3 brown tide blooms(200 000 cells/m L) occurred at Dongshan Beach and Tiger-stone Beach in August in 2013. In shellfish mariculture areas along coastal waters of Qinhuangdao, 4 stations had category 3 blooms, and 6 stations had category 2 blooms(35 000–200 000 cells/m L) in August and all stations had category 1 blooms(0 to ≤35 000 cells/m L) in October. Quantitative PCR allows for detection of A. anophagefferens cells at low levels in filed samples, which is essential to effective management and prediction of brown tide blooms.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of nervous necrosis virus in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, by a rapid and convenient RT-PCR method     

MU Yinnan  LIN Kebing  CHEN Xinhu  AO Jingqun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(10):88-92

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From an initial transient-state to a steady-state in metamorphic reactions: An experimental approach in the system dolomite-quartz-H₂O     

Tadao  Nishiyama  Aiko  Tominaga  Hiroshi  Isobe 《Island Arc》2007,16(1):16-27

Abstract We carried out hydrothermal experiments in the system dolomite‐quartz‐H₂O to track the temporal change in reaction rates of simultaneous reactions during the development of reaction zones. Two types of configurations for the starting materials were prepared: dolomite single crystals + quartz powder + water and quartz single crystals + dolomite powder + water, both sealed separately in gold capsules. Runs at 0.1GPa and 600°C with cold seal pressure vessels gave the following results. (i) In short duration (45–71 h) runs metastable layer sequences involving wollastonite and talc occur in the reaction zone, whereas they disappear in longer duration (168–336 h) runs. (ii) The layer sequence of the reaction zones in short duration runs differs from place to place on the dolomite crystal even in the same run. (iii) The diversity of layer sequences in the short duration runs merges into a unique layer sequence in the longer duration runs. (iv) The reaction zone develops locally on the dolomite crystal, but no reaction zone was observed on the quartz crystal in any of the runs. The lines of evidence (i)–(iii) show that the system evolves from an initial transient‐ to a steady‐state and that the kinetic effect is important in the development of reaction zones. A steady diffusion model for the unique layer sequence Qtz/Di/Fo + Cal/Dol + Cal/Dol shows that the Dol + Cal layer cannot be formed by diffusion‐controlled process and that the stability of the layer sequence Qtz/Di/Fo + Cal/Dol depends not only on L‐ratios (a = /L_CaOCaO and b = /L_MgOMgO) but also on the relative rate P = (−2ξ₁ − ξ₂)/(–ξ₁ − 2ξ₂) of competing reactions: Dol + 2Qtz = Di + 2CO₂ (ξ₁) and 2Dol + Qtz = Fo + 2Cal + 2CO₂ (ξ₂). For smaller P the stability field will shift to higher values of a and b. The steady diffusion model also shows that the apparent‐non‐reactivity on the quartz surface can be attributed to void formation in a large volume fraction in the diopside layer.  相似文献   

哀牢山成矿带壳幔相互作用与金成矿关系探讨——以元阳大坪金矿床为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

袁士松  葛良胜  路彦明  郭晓东  王美娟  王治华  邹依林 《矿床地质》2010,29(2):253-264

哀牢山成矿带位于云南省中南部,带内相续发现了墨江金厂、镇沅老王寨和元阳大坪等一批大型-超大型金多金属矿床。滇西南地区的莫霍面等深度特征、大陆地温梯度和大地热流高异常特征以及地球深层次结构特征,一致表明哀牢山地区在新生代处于强烈的壳幔相互作用时期。以大坪超大型金矿床同位素组成为例开展了示踪学研究,结果表明,成矿物质及成矿流体均以上地幔或下地壳来源为主,成矿过程中有少量地壳浅部的大气饱和水、岩浆水或它们的混合流体的加入。区域地球物理场特征及同位素示踪学研究一致表明,在哀牢山成矿带内矿床形成过程中,伴随有强烈的深部岩浆活动,壳幔相互作用对该地区矿床的形成有重要贡献。  相似文献   

南海北部神狐区域 SH2 站位甲烷水合物成藏动力学模拟研究     

关进安  梁德青  万丽华  谷任国 《工程地质学报》2014,22(5):997-1002

南海北部神狐区域海底的高丰度水合物储层与生物成因为主的甲烷气源表明该区域很可能是一种特殊的复合型海洋水合物系统,其成藏动力学机制有待进一步的研究和澄清。建立了一个耦合沉积层地质属性-流体流动过程-水合物反应动力学的传输-反应模型,区别了两种不同类型的水合物形成(分解)动力学过程:(1)在通常情况下溶解甲烷和游离气共同形成水合物,(2)特殊情况下游离气直接生成水合物,结果表明在神狐海域热力学环境下游离气形成水合物速度比溶解甲烷快约4倍,气体含量和动力学常数比值越大生成水合物越快,而对比水合物分布的模拟结果与实测数据表明该区域水合物储层聚集和产状很可能受到了其他地质活动的影响。  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带西段达机翁地幔橄榄岩组成特征及其形成环境分析   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

连东洋  杨经绥  熊发挥  刘飞  王云鹏  周文达  赵一珏 《岩石学报》2014,30(8):2164-2184

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带自萨嘎以西分成南北两个亚带。对两个亚带蛇绿岩的各自特征及成因联系的研究,是探讨雅鲁藏布江西段的新特提斯洋构造演化的关键。北亚带蛇绿岩呈构造岩块产于冈底斯山前喀喇昆仑断裂带的南侧。其中,位于北亚带西北段的达机翁蛇绿岩,主要由地幔橄榄岩,玄武岩夹硅质岩组成,各单元间断层接触。对达机翁蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩开展的组成特征研究表明:(1)地幔橄榄岩主体为方辉橄榄岩,含少量的纯橄岩。方辉橄榄岩内产有豆荚状铬铁矿(呈豆状,块状以及浸染状),铬铁矿有一层纯橄岩的外壳;(2)达机翁方辉橄榄岩单斜辉石含量低,组成矿物以及全岩的地球化学特征均指示了这些样品经历了相对高的部分熔融作用;(3)方辉橄榄岩具有U型的球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素分配模式,Nb相对亏损,Ta,Zr和Hf具有弱的正异常,同时Sr和U具有强烈的正异常,这些特征可能与残余地幔和俯冲带熔/流体之间相互作用导致的轻稀土元素和部分微量元素的选择性富集有关。定量计算表明,达机翁地幔岩中的方辉橄榄岩来源于一个尖晶石相地幔源区的部分熔融,部分熔融程度大于25%,高于深海地幔橄榄岩的部分熔融程度(10%~22%)。这些橄榄岩形成时的氧逸度条件位于FMQ和FMQ+1之间,高于深海地幔橄榄岩(FMQ-1),与俯冲带环境的氧逸度条件一致。因此,我们认为达机翁蛇绿岩中的地幔橄榄岩形成于大洋中脊的环境,随后发生了洋内俯冲作用,位于俯冲带上部的地幔橄榄岩经历了俯冲带流/熔体的交代作用。  相似文献   

基于热重分析的菱镁矿分解动力学解析     

张强  何宏平  陶奇 《岩石矿物学杂志》2014,33(2):391-396

本文利用热重(TG)分析方法,探讨了菱镁矿的热分解过程。根据热微商(DTG)曲线峰顶温度,结合Kissinger及Ozawa-Doyle方法拟合计算得到菱镁矿热分解的活化能和指前因子(lgA)分别为211.55 kJ/mol和11.07s-1。依次采用单曲线拟合、多元非线性拟合及Malek方法判定得出菱镁矿热分解过程属于三维相界反应模型(R3),其动力学方程为:dα/d T=(1011.07/β)·e-211.55×103/(8.314×T)·3(1-α)2/3。  相似文献